The invention of the wetsuit in the early 1950s revolutionized surfing, transforming it from a seasonal pastime into a year-round, global sport. Despite its profound influence, scientific inquiry into wetsuit design is not as widespread as other sports, and the history of the surf wetsuit industry is mostly unarchived. This chapter traces the evolution of surf wetsuits from crude neoprene constructions to modern high-stretch, multi-layered designs, while highlighting environmental and health challenges. Recent advances in biomechanics and physiology have informed targeted design strategies that support thermoregulation and reduce water infiltration. Scientific investigations have also evaluated novel materials, such as thermoplastic elastomers, silicone coatings, and graphene linings, producing results that often refute surf industry propaganda. Looking ahead, integrating laboratory research, athlete feedback, and biomimicry offers promising avenues for wetsuit innovation. Future designs may incorporate smart textiles, built-in injury-prevention mechanisms, and sustainable, biodegradable materials inspired by marine life. This fusion of science and design underscores the potential for wetsuits to enhance performance, comfort, and safety while addressing urgent environmental concerns. By bridging industry and academic collaboration, the surf community can accelerate progress toward wetsuits that are simultaneously functional, innovative, and ecologically responsible.