Ground Networks: 5G
摘要
As of 2025, 5G has been deployed by over 300 operators worldwide, out of which 72 operators across 131 countries have launched commercial 5G SA networks. Emerging players are driving the 5G industry by lowering the cost per gigabyte of service and advancing the technology. The spread of globalization and the ease of entry for new players have fueled widespread 5G deployments worldwide. Despite this momentum, according to studies, traditional approaches for 5G deployments are expensive and unaffordable in underserved regions, making 5G technology unsuitable and unsustainable for addressing the digital divide. Therefore, there is a need to explore 5G as a solution for bridging the global digital divide by designing innovative 5G business models that address accessibility, availability, and affordability. Hence, this chapter focuses on exploring 5G networks for bridging the digital divide, highlighting the need for innovative business models, techno-economic assessments, and environmental modeling to assess their accessibility, availability, and affordability.