It is paramount to recognize that the infertility journey extends far beyond its medical definition, encompassing significant psychological, emotional, and social dimensions that profoundly impact individuals and couples. Understanding and addressing these nonmedical aspects is not merely supportive but crucial for the overall well-being and potentially even the reproductive outcomes of those experiencing infertility. The experience of infertility is frequently accompanied by a range of negative emotions, including stress, anxiety, and depression. The uncertainty surrounding the ability to conceive can be a significant source of anxiety. Each unsuccessful attempt to conceive can lead to feelings of disappointment, sadness, and even grief. Infertility can be perceived as an invisible loss and a mourning of a longed-for future. The process of assisted reproductive technology (ART), particularly in vitro fertilization (IVF), is frequently described as an “emotional roller coaster” characterized by volatility and intense emotions. In addition, infertility carries a significant social burden. The stigma associated with infertility can lead to feelings of shame and reluctance to disclose their struggles, resulting in loneliness and isolation. Relationships with partners, family, and friends can be strained due to a lack of understanding or social pressure to have children. While infertility can sometimes strengthen couple bonds through mutual support, it can also be a source of conflict. The infertility treatment process itself adds to this burden. Invasive physical procedures, hormonal fluctuations, and the constant hope followed by potential disappointment create ongoing stress. The significant financial costs of treatments like IVF can lead to additional stress and limit access to care. Many individuals, particularly women, report feeling dehumanized and failed by the healthcare system due to a perceived lack of adequate support, holistic care, and empathetic understanding. It is crucial to acknowledge the gendered nature of this burden, with women often facing greater social and psychological pressure due to societal expectations around motherhood. However, it is equally important to recognize that men also experience significant psychological, social, and sexual challenges during infertility and its treatment, including stress, depression, grief, impacts on self-esteem and relationship difficulties. Therefore, a holistic approach to infertility care is essential, one that recognizes infertility not just as a medical condition but as a biopsychosocial crisis. Addressing the psychological needs of couples is a crucial aspect of successful infertility treatment. Numerous studies have shown that psychological interventions can effectively reduce mental health disorders, depression, and anxiety in individuals undergoing infertility treatments. Stress management, incorporating skills like positive thinking and cognitive reconstruction, becomes a vital component of counseling. This is especially important since, even in case of a live birth following IVF, there is the potential of peripartum stress and its transmission to the offspring. Healthcare systems and providers have a responsibility to provide adequate information, time, and empathetic support to maintain the quality of life and well-being of those experiencing infertility. Routine psychosocial screening should be considered, and mental health services should be a standard component of infertility care. This chapter will explore the emotional and psychological challenges faced by individuals and couples undergoing infertility, with a focus on IVF. It will delve into stress, coping mechanisms, dyadic relationships, gender differences, the role of support, and psychological interventions.