Human creativity involves the generation of novel or original ideas that are simultaneously relevant, useful, or meaningful within a particular social context. The production of such impactful ideas is an immensely complex and intriguing act, and in order to accomplish this act, the highly creative person must hold several cognitive attributes that differ from more typical individuals. In this chapter, we overview five such cognitive attributes that support individuals in achieving high levels of creativity, and which build on one another: domain knowledge, epistemic cognition, relational reasoning, problem-finding, and idea evaluation. The first attribute is an ever-growing level of both declarative and procedural knowledge in the domain in which the individual works: this domain knowledge is a pre-requisite for creativity because it allows the individual to begin to understand and participate in the domain. In addition, to think critically about the nature of their knowledge, recognize gaps in what they know, and determine which aspects of their knowledge might need to be changed, individuals also need epistemic cognition to be highly creative. In order to connect distal thoughts and ideas via an associative network and produce new ideas, relational reasoning must also be mustered for high creativity. With these first three cognitive attributes, individuals can begin to engage in problem-finding within their domain by recognizing open problems or conundrums in their domain. Last, in order to determine which possible solutions to these problems might be most impactful, individuals also need the capability for idea evaluation based on the feasibility and possible impact of their ideas. These five cognitive attributes are discussed vis-à-vis educational and development differences, as well as differences across domains of creative activity and accomplishment.