What is the basis for creative self-perceptions? Self-assessments may be rooted in general stable personality traits or a general sense of self-efficacy and self-esteem, or even values that contribute to a sense of personal identity. For some, there may be behavioral evidence of success or struggle that defines their self-beliefs. These may or may not accurately and objectively reflect a person’s abilities. For others, they may have experiences that provided some objective feedback about their work, perhaps from a teacher or mentor. This chapter reviews the literature on the relationship between self-esteem and creative self-efficacy as they relate to creative behavior. It also identifies factors that pose a challenge to the accuracy of one’s sense of self as creative. I propose that the sense of self as creative is based on beliefs about creativity and contextual factors such as past experiences with creative work and that creative ability itself differs by domain. Beliefs, past experience, and domain all influence the individuals’ understanding of themselves as creative. As a consequence, some people to have more accurate beliefs than others depending on beliefs about creativity, past experience with creative work, and the reference domain.