Research on Azospirillum for environmental restoration and remediation has not been extensively conducted. Four decades ago, pioneering studies revealed that these bacteria have a significant affinity for plants beyond grass. Subsequently, comprehensive studies using model strains demonstrated that Azospirillum retains its associative capacity, including survival in soil and colonization, as well as its growth-promoting effects such as nitrogen uptake, enhanced biomass and photosynthesis, and nutrient mobilization in interaction with desert plants, with which they have not co-evolved. These findings advanced the search for inoculantsInoculant of Azospirillum brasilense, which, combined with native PGPB, in field testing in long-term studies, opened opportunities to develop methodological strategies for restoring degraded soils in arid regions. However, innovative techniques still need to be developed to evaluate specific indicators relevant to drylands. Studies on the bioremediation of contaminated sites featuring xenobiotics have identified strains capable of degrading hydrocarbons or heavy metals while retaining their plant growth-promoting traits.