Assessment of cognitive and neuropsychological profiles in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) presents significant challenges because of the limitations of standardized testing instruments. Many assessments require verbal, motor, or visual responses, which may not accurately reflect the child’s true cognitive abilities, particularly in cases of severe neuromotor and neurovisual impairment. This chapter explores the critical issues of cognitive and neuropsychological assessment in CP, emphasizing the need for adapted assessment tools and arguing for extended, multidomain standardized assessments that take these critical issues into account. Beyond assessment, this chapter delves into the broader implications of cognitive functioning in CP, including its impact on academic performance, psychological well-being, and the identification of specific rehabilitation goals. Emerging technological approaches offer new possibilities for integrated cognitive and motor rehabilitation. By reviewing the latest scientific findings, this chapter highlights the importance of a multidimensional, multiprofessional approach that integrates cognitive, linguistic, socio-emotional, and neuropsychological evaluations alongside medical and motor assessments. This comprehensive approach not only enhances our understanding of cognitive and neuropsychological profiles across different clinical forms of CP but also lays the foundation for more targeted and integrated intervention programs tailored to the specific needs of each child.