Buildings are significant contributors to global energy consumption, with a persistent gap often existing between a building’s designed and actual energy performance. This difference is mainly driven by unpredictable behaviours building users exhibit in order to adapt to a thermal environment. In the context of Africa, the transition to sustainable and energy-efficient buildings faces a unique set of interconnected opportunities and challenges. This chapter reviews the potential of adopting Building Management Systems (BMSs) to enhance energy efficiency by controlling building systems. Furthermore, it highlights primary hindrances to the effective deployment of BMS and other advanced technologies, including cultural practices, unavailability of energy-efficient building technologies, climate variability, and a significant research gap on localized solutions. To overcome these barriers, this chapter proposes a multi-faceted approach. Key strategies include the adoption of occupancy-based systems to optimize energy use, the integration of Post-occupancy Evaluation (POE) studies to inform design and the implementation of strategic policy directives to foster a culture of energy efficiency. The study concludes that achieving decarbonization goals in Africa requires a holistic strategy that not only addresses technological and infrastructural deficits but also tailors solutions to the specific cultural and environmental contexts of the region.