The ligaments that connect the different parts of the spinal column are very complex and important anatomical structures that provide spinal stability and are among today’s current hot topics. Following brief anatomical information of the spinal ligaments, detailed information was presented about the neuroradiological findings of the ligaments of the subaxial C3-C7 segments, thoracic, and lumbosacral spine. Then, various lesions involving the spinal ligaments, such as traumatic lesions, noninflammatory degenerative conditions (calcification/ossifications of the spinal ligaments and facet joint arthritis), and neoplastic or infectious lesions of the spine or paraspinal region as well as the inflammatory rheumatological arthropathies involving the spine (rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis) were discussed in detail. Magnetic resonance imaging, utilizing a specialized imaging protocol, offers excellent visualization of the spinal ligaments. In contrast, plain radiography and computed tomography are useful for diagnosing calcification, ossification, and cysts of the ligaments in the human spine, which can cause various neurological deficits.