This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the anatomy, imaging assessments, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of transverse ligament ruptures of the atlas. It begins by exploring the biomechanics and function of the transverse ligament, followed by a discussion of the injury mechanism, clinical presentation, and classification. Detailed coverage of imaging assessments is also included. Finally, the chapter systematically reviews the conservative and surgical treatment options available for this condition. This content serves as a valuable resource for surgeons across multiple disciplines, including spinal, neurosurgery, and emergency medicine, offering an in-depth understanding of transverse ligament rupture.