Sustainability and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are increasingly significant in academic research, particularly in funding opportunities and scientific visibility. SDG categorization provides universities with a pathway to enhance international recognition and improve rankings. This study aims to analyze how Hungarian universities contribute to achieving the SDGs through SDG-related publications. The research examines 18 Hungarian universities, including state-run, church-affiliated, and model-transition institutions. It also assesses which SDGs are prioritized within these institutions’ research activities and identifies trends in SDG-related publications between 2019 and 2023. The study utilizes data from the Scopus and SciVal databases, highlighting SDG-related publications, their proportion, and citation impact relative to the total academic output. Particular attention is paid to the thematic distribution of SDGs, the research priorities of institutions, and the scientific and societal impact of the publications. Initial results indicate that SDG-related publications strengthen Hungary’s international recognition while contributing to the global implementation of sustainable development goals. The findings provide valuable insights for shaping the future research strategies of Hungarian universities, with a special focus on sustainability.