A new wave of technological revolution and knowledge has been initiated with the emergence and pervasive application of generative AI, which has had a profound impact on all sectors. This paper focuses on the bidirectional impacts of generative AI on four key educational elements—teaching objectives, content, methodologies, and assessment—proposing a novel educational partnership framework centered around the “teacher-AI-student triadic interaction model”. Through a mixed-methods approach combining literature analysis, case studies, and model construction, the research reveals that while generative AI enhances teaching efficiency, it may simultaneously induce challenges including fragmentation of educational objectives, content accuracy issues, and weakening of teacher-student emotional bonds. Building on these findings, the study proposes systematic implementation pathways: achieving balance between technological empowerment and educational values through restructuring classroom collaboration patterns, strengthening digital literacy cultivation, designing critical thinking training strategies, and establishing multi-stakeholder collaborative governance frameworks. This paper suggests implementation pathways for classroom reform in China, providing educators with valuable references and insights as they explore practical strategies for classroom reform in the era of generative AI. This is achieved through an analysis of the challenges involved in classroom teaching reform in China.