The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has revolutionised the work environments across various sectors with increasing innovations, efficiency and productivity. However, there is a dearth of studies that has evaluated the impact of these 4IR innovations on the physical and mental well-being of professionals, particularly in the built environment, creating a critical knowledge gap. Therefore, this study evaluates how these technologies influence professionals’ physical and mental well-being and work-life balance. The study adopted a survey research design employing structured questionnaires. The study population consisted of 250 professionals in the construction industry, including architects, engineers, developers, surveyors, electricians, urban planners, interior designers, and plumbers within the built environment in Lagos state. The survey responses were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The professionals acknowledged that 4IR technologies enhanced productivity and streamlined workflows. However, the professionals asserted experiencing moderate to high levels of mental stress due to digital connectivity, workload intensification, upskilling and reskilling schedules. The increased use of 4IR technologies also resulted in increased physical stress linked to prolonged use of technology. Accordingly, this study recommends the need for organisational policies promoting mental health support and ergonomic interventions, such as flexible working hours and improved workstation design. This study validates the JD-R theory and contributes to mitigating health risks associated with 4IR adoption within a developing country.