This research evaluated the effectiveness of an AI-driven Game-Based Learning (GBL) prototype in Nigerian higher education for the built environment, a context where traditional pedagogy often fails to develop critical practical skills. The aim was to experimentally evaluate if this innovative strategy may enhance student engagement and skill acquisition compared to conventional teaching methods. A mixed-methods, quasi-experimental design was employed for a period of six weeks. Thirty final-year undergraduate students were divided into an experimental group (n = 15) using the “ConstructQuest” GBL prototype and a control group (n = 15) receiving traditional training in Project Management, Estimating, and Risk Assessment. Data were collected using pre- and post-test evaluations, AI-driven learning analytics from the prototype, validated engagement questionnaires, and qualitative focus group interviews to enable comprehensive analysis. The findings indicated a significant positive impact. The experimental group showed statistically significant higher levels of engagement (p < 0.001) and made far bigger gains in post-test scores compared to the control group (p < 0.001). This shows that their problem-solving skills improved. The AI-learning analytics in the prototype did a good job of keeping track of how students were doing and giving them customised feedback, which participants agreed was a very helpful feature. A lack of teacher training and big problems with the infrastructure, like poor internet connections and not having enough digital devices, were discovered to be big problems that kept the program from being used more widely. In conclusion, this research provides substantial empirical evidence that AI-driven game-based learning (GBL) serves as an effective tool for improving educational outcomes in the Nigerian construction sector. The study underscores the imperative for a blended methodology that strategically integrates GBL into curricula, supported by substantial investment in digital infrastructure and comprehensive educator training to ensure effective and scalable adoption.