The rapid adoption of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies is reshaping the global built environment, necessitating a skilled workforce capable of leveraging advanced tools such as artificial intelligence, automation, and digital construction methods. However, many emerging economies face significant gaps in skill development, with inadequate skill development strategies hindering workforce readiness for 4IR demands. This study investigates how human resource strategies can drive skill development through targeted upskilling and reskilling initiatives using Nigeria as a microcosm for emerging economies. The study adopted a research survey approach using a structured questionnaire. The study population comprised 250 HR professionals, employees, and managers in Nigeria’s construction and engineering sectors. The survey responses were analysed using exploratory factor analysis and ANOVA in SPSS 29. The study revealed that built environment professionals are more proficient in traditional and steady skills and lack the required core and 4IR technology skills, revealing a skill gap in the sector. The study groups upskilling strategies into three components. The study also assessed organisational readiness through infrastructure and culture, strategic investment, and external collaboration. The study revealed low readiness in investment and collaboration. The study recommends increased organisational investment and collaborations, and the government should enact policies that integrate digital transition in the built environment sector. This study advances the human capital theory by linking it to 4IR workforce readiness. Practically, the study demonstrates the critical role of HR in aligning workforce competencies with technological advancements and offers actionable strategies for fostering a resilient and future-ready workforce in the built economy.