The Influence of Different Types of Cement and Dry Wastewater Sludge on the Characteristics of Lightweight Concrete
摘要
The intention of this study is to examine the dry wastewater sludge effect on the characteristics of Light Weight Concrete (LWC) when crushing it to fine material in order to decrease the addition of sand material in the concrete mix, whilst adding three different types of cement in the mixture viz.: PPC, Sephaku and Lafarge. The study intends to make available scientific results that show that the inclusion of finely crushed wastewater dry sludge produces workable and reliable Light Weight Concrete (LWC) suitable for construction work purposes. The materials used included three different types of cements, viz.: PPC, Sephaku, as well as Lafarge. Sand, water, as well as 19 mm aggregates were used. The sludge used was mixed at different proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The mixing proportions of the materials was carried out in line with the SANS 5861-1:2006. After mixing, the cubes were casted into concrete cube moulds and then submerged under water for a period of 24 h. After extracting the cubes from the moulds, the cubes were crushed to determine the effect of the different types of cement and dry sludge on the concrete properties over a period of 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Dry sludge of 15% should be used to ensure a high compressive in a concrete mix, due to the high porosity nature of the dry sludge. Lafarge cement obtained a high compressive strength compared to all three cements. A 3% saving was discovered when adding sludge to the concrete mix.