Despite the construction industry’s economic contribution to the nation’s gross domestic product, it has recorded the highest number of casualties compared to other industries over the years. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the significance of incorporating sustainability into health and safety practices within the construction industry. To achieve this aim, a closed-ended questionnaire was designed after an in-depth literature review to identify the critical success factors for sustainable health and safety. After an expert review, the questionnaires were administered to construction professionals in Malaysia. At the set date, a total of 158 complete responses were received and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The analysis revealed that environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability were all significant factors in improving health and safety practices. These factors work together to create a comprehensive framework that not only protects worker health and safety but also promotes a robust and thriving industry. The implication of this study is that by integrating sustainability into health and safety standards in the construction industry, stakeholders may improve worker safety and well-being, reduce their negative effects on the environment, and provide value to society by placing a high priority on environmental, social, and economic sustainability.