The logistics industry, valued at $9.2 trillion annually, faces systemic inefficiencies due to fragmented information systems, manual documentation, and inconsistent data sharing, leading to over $100 billion in losses. Blockchain technology offers a transformative solution with its decentralized architecture, cryptographic security, and smart contracts that automate processes while ensuring data integrity. This study presents a comprehensive examination of blockchain’s role in enhancing logistics operations by exploring its technical foundations, real-world applications, and associated implementation challenges. Through a systematic review of existing literature and analysis of prominent case studies, the paper identifies key obstacles such as smart contract vulnerabilities, scalability constraints, and regulatory conflicts, particularly regarding GDPR compliance. Findings suggest that while blockchain can significantly improve supply chain traceability, transparency, and cost efficiency, widespread adoption is constrained by unresolved technical and legal barriers. This research contributes to the discourse by evaluating current solutions and proposing future directions to enable secure, scalable, and compliant blockchain integration in global logistics systems.