This study investigates the enhancement of photovoltaic (PV) panel performance using a Fresnel lens concentrator combined with a passive cooling technique via heat sinks. A 4-Watt polycrystalline PV panel was experimentally evaluated under four configurations: uncooled-unconcentrated, cooled-unconcentrated, uncooled-concentrated, and cooled-concentrated. The Fresnel lens effectively concentrated solar radiation onto a smaller PV area, while the passive cooling system, consisting of heat sinks attached to the panel’s rear, mitigated the temperature rise caused by concentration. The results show that the cooled-concentrated setup achieved a 90% increase in power output compared to the uncooled-unconcentrated configuration, with efficiency improving from 14 to 23% under concentration. Additionally, the cooling mechanism enhanced performance by stabilising efficiency and reducing surface temperature. Using the Fresnel lens and heat sink together resulted in significant efficiency and power output improvements, confirming the effectiveness of combining optical concentration with passive cooling.