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In the mid-19th century, electrical discharge was investigated in detail by Michael Faraday. In the late 19-th century, William Crookes investigated the electrical discharge in a high-vacuum tube to discover an “electron beam”. This work is recognized as the first step of the discovery of the “electron” by Thomson (Philos Mag 44:293, 1897) and Millikan (Philos Mag 6:209, 1910). Research on the physics of ionized gas in the discharge was started by the experiments of I. Langmuir in the 1920’s. He named the ionize gas “plasma” in 1928 (Tonks and Lngmuir in Phys Rev 33:195, 1929). In this chapter, characteristics of plasma are briefly described.

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Introduction to Plasma Physics

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Yoshiaki Kato,
  • Kunioki Mima,
  • Sergei Bulanov

摘要

In the mid-19th century, electrical discharge was investigated in detail by Michael Faraday. In the late 19-th century, William Crookes investigated the electrical discharge in a high-vacuum tube to discover an “electron beam”. This work is recognized as the first step of the discovery of the “electron” by Thomson (Philos Mag 44:293, 1897) and Millikan (Philos Mag 6:209, 1910). Research on the physics of ionized gas in the discharge was started by the experiments of I. Langmuir in the 1920’s. He named the ionize gas “plasma” in 1928 (Tonks and Lngmuir in Phys Rev 33:195, 1929). In this chapter, characteristics of plasma are briefly described.