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Here in this section, we discuss the properties of finite amplitude electromagnetic and plasma waves propagating in collisionless plasmas. Small-amplitude electromagnetic and plasma waves can be described in the linear approximation framework as waves propagating in the plasma without interacting with each other and with their frequencies independent of the wave amplitude. Finite amplitude, electromagnetic waves in the relativistic limit are described by nonlinear equations in partial derivatives. Nonlinear interaction leads to coupling of transverse electromagnetic waves with longitudinal plasma waves resulting, in particular, in the generation of the wake plasma waves left in the plasma behind short laser pulse. High enough amplitude plasma waves undergo the wave steepening and breaking leading to formation of the electron density singularity. Due to nonlinear evolution of the electromagnetic wave the relativistic electromagnetic solitons occur in collisionless plasma, and the electron vortices are formed.

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Transverse and Longitudinal Waves in a Plasma

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Yoshiaki Kato,
  • Kunioki Mima,
  • Sergei Bulanov

摘要

Here in this section, we discuss the properties of finite amplitude electromagnetic and plasma waves propagating in collisionless plasmas. Small-amplitude electromagnetic and plasma waves can be described in the linear approximation framework as waves propagating in the plasma without interacting with each other and with their frequencies independent of the wave amplitude. Finite amplitude, electromagnetic waves in the relativistic limit are described by nonlinear equations in partial derivatives. Nonlinear interaction leads to coupling of transverse electromagnetic waves with longitudinal plasma waves resulting, in particular, in the generation of the wake plasma waves left in the plasma behind short laser pulse. High enough amplitude plasma waves undergo the wave steepening and breaking leading to formation of the electron density singularity. Due to nonlinear evolution of the electromagnetic wave the relativistic electromagnetic solitons occur in collisionless plasma, and the electron vortices are formed.