Urbanization is a multidimensional process that manifests itself through rapidly changing human population and changing land cover. The combination of multifold driving forces physical, geographical and human determine city’s individual dynamics and structure which translate into the city models. In this chapter city is described as a smart ecosystem—a human centric, highly complex, digitalized, networked construct. It discusses the city life now, reflecting on the past and post-global future.

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City—A Highly Complex Ecosystem to Live (Operate) in

  • Stanisław Kowalkowski,
  • Marek Wrzosek,
  • Danuta Kaźmierczak

摘要

Urbanization is a multidimensional process that manifests itself through rapidly changing human population and changing land cover. The combination of multifold driving forces physical, geographical and human determine city’s individual dynamics and structure which translate into the city models. In this chapter city is described as a smart ecosystem—a human centric, highly complex, digitalized, networked construct. It discusses the city life now, reflecting on the past and post-global future.