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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that perform essential functions in posttranscriptional gene regulation. They are involved in essential cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, and have been increasingly implicated in cancer development and progression. While the roles of miRNAs in cancer cells are well established, their regulatory influence on the tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune modulation, stromal remodeling, and intercellular communication, remains poorly understood. Moreover, the therapeutic application of miRNA modulation to target cancer cells and the surrounding TME remains in its early stages. This study highlights the multifaceted roles of miRNAs within the TME and evaluates their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. miRNAs regulate tumor stroma interactions by modulating immune responses, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix dynamics. Tumor-derived miRNAs can be secreted via extracellular vesicles to influence the behavior of immune and stromal cells, thereby contributing to immune evasion and metastasis. Specific miRNA expression profiles are also emerging as promising noninvasive detection and treatment monitoring biomarkers. A deeper understanding of miRNA-mediated crosstalk within the TME may pave the way for innovative, targeted therapies. Therapeutic strategies involving miRNA mimics or inhibitors hold significant promise for overcoming the limitations of conventional cancer treatments and advancing personalized oncology.

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Impact of MicroRNAs on Tumor Microenvironment and Their Therapeutic Implications

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Kruthika Prakash,
  • Srisri Satishkartik,
  • Raksa Arun,
  • T. Sasitharan,
  • Janani Balaji,
  • Sanjana Dhayalan,
  • Surya Babu,
  • Shanmuga Priya,
  • M. Ezhilarasi,
  • Satish Ramalingam,
  • K. N. Aruljothi

摘要

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that perform essential functions in posttranscriptional gene regulation. They are involved in essential cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, and have been increasingly implicated in cancer development and progression. While the roles of miRNAs in cancer cells are well established, their regulatory influence on the tumor microenvironment (TME), including immune modulation, stromal remodeling, and intercellular communication, remains poorly understood. Moreover, the therapeutic application of miRNA modulation to target cancer cells and the surrounding TME remains in its early stages. This study highlights the multifaceted roles of miRNAs within the TME and evaluates their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. miRNAs regulate tumor stroma interactions by modulating immune responses, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix dynamics. Tumor-derived miRNAs can be secreted via extracellular vesicles to influence the behavior of immune and stromal cells, thereby contributing to immune evasion and metastasis. Specific miRNA expression profiles are also emerging as promising noninvasive detection and treatment monitoring biomarkers. A deeper understanding of miRNA-mediated crosstalk within the TME may pave the way for innovative, targeted therapies. Therapeutic strategies involving miRNA mimics or inhibitors hold significant promise for overcoming the limitations of conventional cancer treatments and advancing personalized oncology.