MicroRNAs are a class of small, noncoding RNAs that function as important regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. These molecules act by binding to complementary sequences on target messenger RNAs, leading to either degradation or translational silencing of these targets. In the context of lung cancer, one of the most common cancers and also one of its leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, microRNAs are key functionally relevant players not only in initiation and progression but also in therapeutic response. A review of circulating microRNAs in lung cancer pathobiology: potential role of tumor markers as data sources and extraction. Conclusion: this global review summarizes what we currently know about microRNAs in lung cancer pathobiology, including their patterns of differential expression and their complex biological function, whether as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. This range is also considered for its effect on several important signaling pathways controlling important cellular behaviors such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), apoptosis, and metastatic dissemination and following the complex interactions in the tumor ecosystem. Furthermore, this review reflects on the immense potential of microRNAs in the clinic as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis and their potential as molecular targets in lung cancer therapy. It explores current technological limitations in microRNA research and therapeutic development, and provides insights into emerging strategies and future research directions in this dynamic field. By delineating the multifaceted functions of microRNAs in lung cancer, investigators have laid the groundwork for novel therapeutic approaches, better stratification of patients, and improved prognostic markers.