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According to Zadeh (Inf Sci 181:2923–2932, 2011), a Z-number consists of two parts such as constraint and reliability of the constraint. Such a number simultaneously covers uncertainty and its probability. Therefore, using Z-numbers, the uncertainty of an event can be closer to real-world situations compared to the classical fuzzy numbers. On the other hand, Z-numbers can be a very good choice in order to reflect the uncertain nature of real-world decision-making problems (Liao et al. in Inf Sci 663, 2024).

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Z-Numbers

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ali Mahmoodirad,
  • Harish Garg,
  • Sadegh Niroomand

摘要

According to Zadeh (Inf Sci 181:2923–2932, 2011), a Z-number consists of two parts such as constraint and reliability of the constraint. Such a number simultaneously covers uncertainty and its probability. Therefore, using Z-numbers, the uncertainty of an event can be closer to real-world situations compared to the classical fuzzy numbers. On the other hand, Z-numbers can be a very good choice in order to reflect the uncertain nature of real-world decision-making problems (Liao et al. in Inf Sci 663, 2024).