This chapter emphasizes reproducibility, transparency, and ethics in applying AI and machine learning (ML) to public health. It examines the role of generative AI (GenAI) in practice and education, highlighting reproducibility challenges posed by large language models (LLMs). Scenarios of GenAI use are discussed to illustrate both opportunities and limitations, alongside the need for evaluation and AI-specific quality assurance frameworks. The chapter stresses the importance of AI literacy programs and cultivating awareness of AI’s limitations to ensure fairness, accountability, and responsible use. By linking current applications with future directions, it equips readers to critically assess the risks and benefits of AI in public health.