Theoretical Fundamentals for the Batch Contact Adsorption Method
摘要
Although batch adsorption studies are prevalent in literature, there are many significant errors related to physical chemistry concepts that users of adsorption may not fully understand. This paper will define adsorption, chemisorption, and physisorption. Following this, adsorption equilibrium will be presented using several isotherm models with nonlinear fitting. The determination of each equilibrium constant in L mg−1 will also be illustrated. These equilibrium constants need to be converted to L mol−1 before calculating the dimensionless thermodynamic equilibrium constant. Once this constant is obtained, it can be applied in both linearized and nonlinear van’t Hoff equations to estimate changes in adsorption enthalpy and entropy. The statistical evaluation of the models will utilize determination coefficient (R2), adjusted determination coefficient ( \(R_{adj}^{2}\) ), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) values. Furthermore, various kinetic models—including those based on chemical reactions, empirical kinetic models, and diffusive models—will be explored. The authors will employ the concepts of half-adsorption time (t0.5) and near-equilibrium time (t0.95) to compare the kinetic parameters of the different models. Additionally, comparisons between linear and nonlinear pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics models, as well as the Langmuir isotherm model, will be made. The results indicate that it is advisable to use nonlinear fittings for both isotherms and the kinetics of adsorption.