This study employs an electrocatalytic technique to degrade wastewater containing Congo red dye. The effects of different oxygen flow rates on vanadium oxide electrodes are examined, and the impacts of operating voltage and initial pH levels on dye degradation are further investigated. After vacuum sputtering, stacked sheets and columnar structures were observed through surface morphology observe. The surface structure did not significantly change at oxygen flow rates of 2 sccm and 4 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute), and long columnar structures were uniformly distributed across the surface. However, at oxygen flow rates of 8 sccm and 10 sccm, the columnar structures became thicker and fewer in number. Furthermore, elemental analysis of the catalytic electrodes fabricated under different oxygen flow rates confirmed the presence of oxygen and vanadium. According to the results of Congo red dye (20 mg/L) degradation experiments, the highest removal efficiency, approximately 98%, was achieved using electrodes prepared at oxygen flow rates of 2 sccm and 4 sccm under an applied voltage of 50 V. The operating voltage had a significant impact on removal efficiency, with 50 V identified as the optimal value. Experiments conducted at various initial pH levels showed that the removal efficiency reached 100% at an initial pH of 3. These findings indicate that vanadium oxide catalytic electrodes can effectively degrade Congo red dye in wastewater, and that operating conditions play a crucial role in determining degradation efficiency.