This chapter reviews and reflects on the politics of official history before and after the revolution of 1979 in Iran. It explores the differences and parallels between the Pahlavi and the Islamic Republic in historical writing for pupils. Contrary to the common perception, they share defining similarities with significant implications for the popular understanding of the past, as a singular and universal truth. Political myths and official narratives in history textbooks are products of their time and as such change with the political transformations, such as regime change. Yet, similarities persist and continue to shape collective consciousness of history.