Studies on electoral behavior traditionally have claimed that women exhibit relatively conservative political tendencies. However, recent research in developed democracies has observed a narrowing or even a reversal of this traditional gender gap, driven by processes of socioeconomic modernization and cultural changes. This chapter examines gender differences in political behavior in Uruguay, a Latin American country that stands out in the region for its high level of socioeconomic development and the strength of its political institutions. Through an extensive examination of public opinion survey data, this chapter describes how gender differences in political participation patterns have evolved in Uruguay since the mid-1990s. We find that, in general, a gender gap persists, with women showing more-conservative political behavior than men. Nonetheless, we also find evidence of a modern gender gap connected to three specific traits. First, Uruguayan women within the highly educated segment of the population are more likely to support the Frente Amplio (FA), the center-left Uruguayan party. Second, our analysis suggests that women are less likely to support Cabildo Abierto, the populist radical right-wing party. Finally, we also show that left-leaning women are particularly inclined to support female candidates, especially when targeted by the latter.