Interest in women’s political behaviour dates back to the founding of this field of research. However, we know very little about how gender influences voters’ political preferences and turnout in Latin America. In particular, we examine whether the gender gaps observed in high-income democracies also emerge in this region: the traditional versus modern gap, the gap in support for radical right-wing populist parties, the gap in voter turnout and the gap in support for female candidates. Drawing on the extant literature, we posit novel questions concerning Latin American cases, our methodological guidelines, the organisation of the chapters and the main findings of this book.