Husserl’s Ethical Humanism
摘要
Husserl’s conception of humanism has ethical roots: philosophers as “functionaries of mankind” are committed to a “renewal” of reason and to the creation of a “new humanity” that transcends all cultural particularisms. In his later ethics, however, he grounds rationality in affectivity, such that rational life becomes a personal life guided by love. Hence, the task of renewing reason can only be accomplished based on the human person as a moral person. The constitution of a moral person takes place, so I contend, in three steps: firstly, a human being must be ontologically constituted as person; secondly, it must be constituted as a subject that empathizes with others within a community; and thirdly, it must be a moral person that acts on the grounds of reason based on the recognition of what is truly good, and most importantly, guided by love. The ethical life of a person is therefore interwoven with the ethical life of a community as an intertwining of not only responsibilities and duties but of love. The ultimate telos of the ethical life is a communitarian ideal, which at its highest degree embraces humanity as a community bound by love and striving towards rational ends.