This study theorizes the concept of New-Quality Productive Forces (NQPF) as a Marxist framework integrating technological revolutions (AI, blockchain, quantum computing) with socialist governance, using Shenzhen’s paradigm as an empirical anchor. Through case studies of Huawei’s 5G ecosystems, Tencent’s AI applications, and Shenzhen’s low-altitude economy, the paper demonstrates how NQPF bridges Marxist dialectical materialism with digital production, emphasizing data as “variable capital 2.0” and equitable technological dividends. Quantitative analyses reveal Shenzhen’s hybrid governance model—combining state-guided industrial policies (e.g., ¥15.6B green tech R&D investment) and market mechanisms—achieved a 23.5% annual growth in AI-driven industries (2020–2024) and reduced the urban-rural digital divide ratio from 2.7:1 to 1.8:1. Comparative benchmarking against Silicon Valley highlights Shenzhen’s superior tech diffusion efficiency (68% commercialization rate vs. 52%) and ethical governance innovations, such as blockchain-based subsidy systems reducing administrative leakage by 27%. However, challenges persist in balancing algorithmic transparency with intellectual property rights. The study proposes scaling Shenzhen’s “3C model” (Convergence Infrastructure, Conscious Governance, Common Prosperity) nationally and establishing a Digital Silk Road Institute for Global South knowledge transfer. By reconciling Marx’s productive forces theory with intelligent socialism, this work advances a governance paradigm prioritizing equitable innovation over market-centric approaches.