Over the past decade, there has been an unprecedented acceleration in the use of digital tools and courseware in online, blended and flipped courses. One set of such tools involves the use of AI for adaptive language learning. These tools can adapt the content of instruction in real-time to each student’s learning pace, preferences, and needs and provide them with tailored assessments and feedback on their language performance. Neural Network (NN) based dialogue systems can be used for conversation practice, evaluating comprehensibility, and providing feedback on pronunciation, while Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) systems allow students to practice writing and receive instantaneous feedback and suggestions for revisions. However, there are some concerns regarding the use of these tools in the ESL classroom. In this chapter, we provide a non-technical introduction to AI-based adaptive learning and feedback tools that can be used to support the teaching and learning of L2 writing; discuss their affordances and limitations; and make recommendations on how they can be effectively used to support L2 writing development within a constructivist view of learning. Mainly, we argue that teachers need an in-depth and critical understanding of AI-based adaptive language learning tools and their pedagogical effects to use them effectively.