Effects of Tobacco Smoking on Composite Indices of Femoral Neck Strength in Young Lebanese Men
摘要
The aim of the current study was to explore the influence of tobacco smoking on composite indices of femoral neck strength (Compression Strength Index (CSI), Bending Strength Index (BSI), and Impact Strength Index (ISI)) in a group of young Lebanese men. To achieve this, we compared the composite indices of femoral neck strength (CIFNS) between smokers and non-smokers. The study population was divided into two groups: 21 non-smokers and 20 smokers (smokers who consumed an average of 10 heads of flavored tobacco per week (10 ± 2.7/week) or 13 cigarettes per day (13 ± 7)). Body composition, bone mineral density, and trabecular bone score (TBS) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). CSI, BSI, and ISI were calculated from DXA scans of the hip as previously described. Body weight, lean mass, fat mass, and body mass index were not significantly different between the two groups. Additionally, daily calcium intake, daily protein intake, and weekly physical activity duration did not differ significantly between the groups. CSI, BSI, and ISI were significantly lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. This study suggests that smoking negatively affects composite indices of femoral neck strength. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report a significant difference in composite indices of femoral neck strength between smokers and non-smokers.