Accurate synchronization between electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) recordings is crucial for reliable cardiovascular monitoring. This study compares a conventional linear correlation (LC) method with two nonlinear approaches: determinism (DET), derived from cross-recurrence plots, and normalized mutual information (NMI), calculated between a cross-distance matrix (CDM) and a reference distance matrix (DM). Using data from 13 subjects, we evaluated the alignment between heart rate variability (HRV) from ECG and pulse rate variability (PRV) from PPG. The NMI-based method, using the CDM from HRV-PRV and the DM from a reference HRV segment, consistently produced more stable and physiologically plausible alignments, outperforming LC in 31% of the cases. These findings underscore the advantages of nonlinear metrics for accurate alignment of multimodal cardiovascular signals.

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Methods for Wearable Electrocardiogram and Photoplethysmogram Synchronization

  • Daniele Padovano,
  • Arturo Martinez-Rodrigo,
  • Oscar Ayo,
  • José J. Rieta,
  • Raul Alcaraz

摘要

Accurate synchronization between electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) recordings is crucial for reliable cardiovascular monitoring. This study compares a conventional linear correlation (LC) method with two nonlinear approaches: determinism (DET), derived from cross-recurrence plots, and normalized mutual information (NMI), calculated between a cross-distance matrix (CDM) and a reference distance matrix (DM). Using data from 13 subjects, we evaluated the alignment between heart rate variability (HRV) from ECG and pulse rate variability (PRV) from PPG. The NMI-based method, using the CDM from HRV-PRV and the DM from a reference HRV segment, consistently produced more stable and physiologically plausible alignments, outperforming LC in 31% of the cases. These findings underscore the advantages of nonlinear metrics for accurate alignment of multimodal cardiovascular signals.