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This chapter covers the years from 1935 to 1945, a period shaped by the Great Depression and World War II, including the beginnings of the Manhattan Project’s. During this era, In radiation oncology, the International Commission on Radiological Units (ICRUs) advanced standardization with units like the Roentgen and safety guidelines. At the same time, dose fractionation principles developed significantly, notably through Henri Coutard’s work and Magnus Strandqvist’s influential time-dose concepts. Foundational research by J.C. Mottram further illustrated oxygen’s role in tumor radiosensitivity. Building on the broader advances in physics, Ernest Lawrence’s Nobel-winning invention of the cyclotron spurred high-energy physics and led to Robert Wilson’s proposal for proton therapy. Meanwhile, brachytherapy progressed with Irène Curie and Frederick Joliot’s Nobel-winning discovery of artificial radionuclides, alongside the development of new X-ray brachytherapy machines and techniques like gold radon “seeds.” Finally, the chapter highlights figures such as Juan del Regato, who was pivotal in advancing radiation oncology specialization and training in the United States.

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Radiotherapy in Transition: Scientific and Clinical Advances, 1935–1945

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Angélica Pérez-Andújar,
  • Erica L. Braschi

摘要

This chapter covers the years from 1935 to 1945, a period shaped by the Great Depression and World War II, including the beginnings of the Manhattan Project’s. During this era, In radiation oncology, the International Commission on Radiological Units (ICRUs) advanced standardization with units like the Roentgen and safety guidelines. At the same time, dose fractionation principles developed significantly, notably through Henri Coutard’s work and Magnus Strandqvist’s influential time-dose concepts. Foundational research by J.C. Mottram further illustrated oxygen’s role in tumor radiosensitivity. Building on the broader advances in physics, Ernest Lawrence’s Nobel-winning invention of the cyclotron spurred high-energy physics and led to Robert Wilson’s proposal for proton therapy. Meanwhile, brachytherapy progressed with Irène Curie and Frederick Joliot’s Nobel-winning discovery of artificial radionuclides, alongside the development of new X-ray brachytherapy machines and techniques like gold radon “seeds.” Finally, the chapter highlights figures such as Juan del Regato, who was pivotal in advancing radiation oncology specialization and training in the United States.