In line with the natural disaster management projects in Ho Chi Minh City, this study simulated the risk of riverbank erosion in the context of climate change and sea level rise (CC/SLR) using fuzzy logic approach in GIS environment and MIKE 21 hydrodynamic model. Bank erosion risk maps were developed for the main river system in Ho Chi Minh City corresponding to 7 scenarios, namely: current situation; 4 CC/SLR scenarios published by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment; and 2 flood discharge scenarios from two upstream Dau Tieng and Tri An reservoirs with the frequencies of 5% and 1%, respectively. When compared to the status quo scenario, the simulated results indicated an increase of 12–13% in high-risk areas due to CC/SLR, while areas classified as very high and extreme risk levels tended to decrease The two flood discharge scenarios from the upstream reservoirs showed a significant increase in extremely high-risk areas, with increases of 6s and 8%, and a 2.1–2.4 times increase in the length of the riverbank at risk. With these results, it is recommended that the government implement proactive solutions and plans to mitigate these risks, particularly in relation to the flood discharge scenarios from the two upstream reservoirs.