The pervasive existence of emerging contaminants (ECs) in the aquatic environment holds the potential to significantly influence the environment as well as pose risk to human health. Conventional systems that are employed to treat wastewater are insufficient to effectively remove these micropollutants. This necessitates the exploration of alternative eco-friendly and cost-effective treatment systems. The main emphasis of the chapter is on the application of constructed wetlands (CWs) as a potential substitute for secondary wastewater treatment and can also be adopted as a decentralized sustainable treatment system for wastewater purification. However, the proper understanding of fate, transport and removal mechanisms are essential components that need to be understood before employing CWs for the eliminations of ECs. The effectiveness of CWs is additionally affected by the surface area of the substrate, the characteristics of the wastewater, and the physicochemical characteristics of the pollutants. It has been noted that substrates like activated carbon, zeolite, biochar, and palm mulch and macrophytes like Eichhornia crassipes and Phragmites australis exhibit considerable potential in effectively removing various ECs. The existing understanding regarding the removal efficiencies of ECs like PPCPs (pharmaceutical and personal care products) in CWs, the associated removal mechanisms, the toxicity pharmaceuticals may pose to CWs, and the impacts of crucial parameters such as configuration of flow regime, hydraulic loading, type of macrophytes and substrates etc. remains limited. This chapter encourages and advocates for further research on these topics to generate more robust and compelling evidence regarding the operation and effectiveness of bigger laboratory-scale, full-scale or pilot-scale CWs for the eradication of ECs from wastewater.