Waste Stabilization Ponds (Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs)) are an effective, low-cost method for treating wastewater, particularly in small communities across Europe, including France and Germany. These man-made water bodies utilize natural processes, influenced by solar light, wind, microorganisms, and algae, to treat blackwater, gray water, or fecal sludge. The WSP systems consist of three types of ponds—anaerobic, facultative, and aerobic (maturation) each contributing uniquely to the treatment process. Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are especially relevant in regions affected by climate change where there is increasing demand for irrigation water. Despite their high efficiency in removing Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and pathogens, Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) require large surface areas and expert design. The effluent produced retains nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, making it suitable for agricultural reuse but unsuitable for direct discharge into surface waters. This makes Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) an ideal solution for sustainable water management in agriculture while minimizing environmental impact. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Waste Stabilization Ponds (Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs)), beginning with an introduction to their design and application. It explores the different types of Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs)—anaerobic, facultative, and aerobic (maturation) and discusses their integration with constructed wetlands. The chapter delves into the removal mechanisms and treatment performance of Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs), highlighting the factors that influence their efficiency. Additionally, it examines the advantages and disadvantages of WSP systems, their implementation, and the current challenges in their application. The chapter concludes with an analysis of future trends and research directions in the field of Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs), offering insights into potential advancements and innovations.