Objective To solve the problems of high cost, high energy consumption, and insufficient transmission reliability of traditional ranch environmental monitoring and to provide powerful data support for real-time acquisition of ranch environmental parameters and ranch production management. Methods This system chooses the low-power and low-cost STM32WLE5CBU6 as the main controller and adopts the LoRa communication technology for long-distance data transmission combined with the 4G communication network, in order to realize the stable transmission of ranch environmental data, real-time monitoring, and remote management functions. On this basis, the system adds a low-power function to reduce the bandwidth required for data transmission by designing a data compression algorithm, which significantly reduces the overall energy consumption and makes it more suitable for deployment and long-term use in remote or difficult-to-frequently visit ranch environments. Conclusion The designed monitoring system is able to collect environmental parameters in real time and has the advantages of long transmission distance, strong anti-interference ability, and low cost and energy consumption, which is able to meet the needs of smart ranch environmental monitoring.