This chapter reviews neurovascular (headache) disorders that may present with orofacial pain, emphasizing accurate diagnosis and differentiation from primary dental or temporomandibular disorders. It covers primary headache types—including migraine, tension-type headache, and trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias—as well as secondary headaches arising from vascular, infectious, or structural causes. Pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and characteristic clinical features are discussed, along with the role of neuroimaging in excluding intracranial pathology. A thorough history, symptom characterization, and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for effective management and prevention of unnecessary dental interventions.