Orofacial pain (OFP) is a recognized dental specialty encompassing the diagnosis and management of pain disorders affecting the jaw, mouth, face, head, and neck. This chapter outlines the classification systems, diagnostic processes, and management principles for OFP, with a focus on temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It reviews the historical evolution of the specialty, the role of comprehensive history taking and clinical examination, and the application of adjunctive diagnostic tests. Emphasis is placed on accurate diagnosis, interdisciplinary collaboration, and individualized management strategies that address biological, psychological, and social factors to optimize patient outcomes.