This paper presents the structural assessment of the Land Management Building of the Lviv National Environmental University, a historical masonry structure damaged by a drone strike in January 2024. The building, a key heritage landmark in western Ukraine, suffered extensive damage to its roof and central structural components. A joint mission led by the University of Minho and UNESCO included an on-site inspection campaign combining visual survey, non-destructive testing, and ambient vibration monitoring. Laboratory characterization of building materials was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of bricks, mortar, timber, and steel components. The collected data supported the development and calibration of a finite element model aimed at assessing the current performance and structural capacity of the building. Structural verifications under vertical and lateral loading, including seismic pushover analysis, were conducted to identify critical vulnerabilities. Results highlighted the loss of global stability due to the loss of the roof structure and the weakened connections between masonry walls and floor systems. Recommendations for stabilization and conservation were proposed, with particular attention to reversible and minimally invasive interventions. This study demonstrates the importance of an integrated approach to assessing war-damaged heritage buildings, supporting informed decisions for emergency response and long-term preservation.