Industrialization is a key to development to build a nation. Which brings a challenge to maintain equilibrium in the ecosystem, whether aquatic, terrestrial, or atmospheric. In the meantime, population growth is also chasing urbanization and food requirements, resulting in an increased carbon footprint. A multitude of fundamental and sophisticated strategies mitigate pollutants in wastewater but are insufficient in one way or another. The technologies based on organic and inorganic management through biological entities are a feasible strategy with limited drawbacks. Recently, biofilm reactors have remained an innovative technical approach for the sustainable treatment of sewage water. The use of biofilm models demonstrated its ability to improve the overall effectiveness of pollutant breakdown into dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide by active microorganisms. The understanding of biofilm sewage wastewater treatment might facilitate its implementation on a larger scale. Thus, microbial biofilm reactors (MBRs) employ support components or surfaces to promote biofilm adhesion, resulting in elevated concentrations of active biomass. The present study has significance for comprehending the efficacy of biofilms and for exploiting this concept to advance technologies for improved wastewater management.