Bioremediation has developed as a potent and economical strategy for environmental cleanup and provides green options to traditional physical and chemical remediation techniques. A detailed description about basic principles and state-of-the-art developments is provided. It starts with the microbial metabolism, the biodegradation pathways, and the impact of environmental factors and provides a distinction between in-situ and ex-situ applications. Deep insight into state-of-the-art approaches, including synthetic biology, nanobioremediation, innovation in phytoremediation, mycoremediation, bioelectrochemical systems, CRISPR advances in genetic engineering and enzyme-mediated degradation of pollutants, is provided as the main theme of the chapter. These strategies embrace concepts and technologies that are at the intersection between biology, nanotechnology, and systems engineering for environmental remediation with enhanced efficiency, selectivity, and applicability. The chapter further emphasizes the integrated technologies as well as the synergy among different technologies (biological, physical, and chemical) for enhanced remediation. Integrated hybrid systems, AI-based real-time monitoring and data-based models provide them exact control of the bioremediation processes. Examples from soil, groundwater, wastewater, air pollution, as well as marine oil spill application are examined and demonstrate the flexibility in the use of these new techniques. But the roll-out of these technologies faces several hurdles, such as a complex regulatory environment, heavy operating costs, and public perception problems. Prospect is then discussed, focusing on the construction of the next generation of artificial microbial consortia, the integration of AI approaches, and the circular economy to achieve more sustainable and more resource recovery products. This chapter ends by emphasizing the necessity for interdisciplinary research and innovation for upscaling bioremediation for sustainable environmental remediation in the future.