Metal pollution poses dangerous risks to environments, biodiversity, human health, aquatic environments, and soil integrity, requiring sustainable and economically viable strategies for its remediation. Microbial advancements in bioremediation offer a possible solution to the growing issues of metal contamination. Industrialization, urbanization, and human activities persist in discharging heavy metals (HMs) into the environment. However, microbial bioremediation utilizes the natural metabolic activities of microorganisms, mainly rhizospheric bacteria, to disinfect contaminated places and get rid of HMs. These bacteria demonstrate several modes of resistance and detoxification, such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, and enzymatic transformation, which allow them to successfully reduce metal toxicity. Recent advancements in microbial biotechnology have revealed the capacity of microorganisms as novel instruments for the detoxification of metal pollutants. This chapter looks at microbiological methods such as biosorption, bioaccumulation, bioprecipitation, and enzymatic transformations to clean up HMs in polluted areas. In addition, we specially focused on genetically modified microorganisms, microbial consortia, and biofilm-based systems in improving the efficacy and precision of detoxification processes which enhances plant growth while decreasing the availability and toxicity of HMs in the environment and industry, and wastewater treatment, addressing challenges such as metal toxicity, operational scalability, and environmental sustainability. Thereby biotechnology, through microbial breakthroughs, presents a viable approach to attaining a sustainable, metal pollution-free future that efficiently mitigates metal contamination while fostering a healthy environment.