In a world driven by modern technologies, mining continues to be a crucial part of supplying metals and minerals that support technological innovation and economic growth. Mining can not only cause soil erosion and loss of biodiversity, but it is also responsible for the contamination of soil, groundwater, and air. Biomining is an environmentally sustainable and cost-effective method for extracting valuable metals from ores and waste materials through microbial leaching. This biotechnological process leverages the natural metabolic activities of microorganisms to mobilize metals such as copper, gold, lithium, and uranium from low-grade ores, mine tailings, and other waste substrates. The key mechanisms involve bio-oxidation, acidogenesis, and reduction, wherein specific bacteria and archaea mediate the breakdown of metal sulfides and the release of metals into solution. Recent technological advancements, such as bioheap and bioreactor systems, have significantly improved the efficiency and scalability of microbial leaching processes. Future advancements can be triggered by genetic engineering and synthetic biology, enabling the development of tailored microbial strains with enhanced metal tolerance and extraction capabilities. The increasing demand for sustainable mining practices underscores the importance of optimizing microbial leaching to meet the global need for raw materials in an eco-friendly manner. The present deliberation will focus on the potential microorganisms, extraction mechanisms, current advancements, and prospects of biomining operations.