This chapter presents the study's problem statement, questions, and objectives. This study focuses on settlement patterns among hunter-gatherers, the detection of spatial mobility patterns, and the use of space in the Central Plateau of Santa Cruz province, Argentina. The objectives include acquiring new data and implementing and exploring a methodology that incorporates techniques successfully applied in archaeological projects worldwide, offering positive perspectives. This study pioneers the application of GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and statistics to analyze the archaeological landscape in the study region.