Sites in Manicaland Province
摘要
Manicaland Province contain 29 known Zimbabwe culture sites, of which 13 are described in this chapter. The province’s landscape combines granite kopjes on the Plateau with the dramatic Eastern Highlands, including the Vumba and Chimanimani mountains, and contrasting vegetation from Brachystegia savanna to lowveld species. Archaeological research is limited, except in Buhera District, where several stone-built sites have been studied. Oral traditions link ruling dynasties—Makoni, Chipunza, Mutasa, and Mutema—to origins in the Mutapa state, with Portuguese records confirming their prominence between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. Buhera hosts one of the densest clusters of Zimbabwe sites, mostly predating the Nyashanu (Hera) dynasty but including Gombe, which is linked to founder Mbiru. Buhera was a Rozvi province and refuge for Rozvi royalty after the fall of Danamombe in 1866. Its archaeological importance has drawn researchers such as Bent, Randall-McIver, and Caton-Thompson.